Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russia)
S. Yu. Vasichev, Junior Researcher, s.vasichev@yandex.ru
A. A. Neverov, Leading Researcher, Doctor of Engineering Sciences
S. A. Neverov, Head of Laboratory, Doctor of Engineering Sciences
G. D. Rukavishnikov, Engineer
The article presents a rationale for applying a combined mining method for deep-seated, gently dipping ore deposits. This method integrates stope leaching with cemented backfillingand subsequent sublevel caving of temporary ore pillars into a single spatial-temporal cycle. The design features of the proposed mining system are examined, and the stages of its implementation are analyzed in detail. This includes the initial formation of artificial backfill massifs and the subsequent mining of ore pillars under caved rocks. Furthermore, the study identifies the key geomechanical features arising from the joint application of various ground control methods under high gravitationally-tectonic stresses. The scientific novelty lies in establishing quantitative patterns of stress distribution within structural elements of the mining system under a tectonic loading regime, depending on the depth of mining operations and varying degrees of structural integrity of the surrounding rock mass, characterized by a structural weakening coefficient. Based on parametric and numerical modeling using the Coulomb-Mohr strength criterion, a comprehensive assessment of the stress-strain state of the rock-ore mass was performed for three characteristic depths. Zones of ultimate and post-ultimate stress localization were identified, and areas of potential failure in the ribs and roofs of development and production workings were forecasted across all stages of reserve extraction, including primary stope mining and subsequent pillar caving. Safe parameters for the mining system ensuring the stability of mine workings were established. This includes the substantiation of rational distances between drill-haulage drifts and sublevel drifts, which are recommended to be increased to 15-20 m at depths exceeding 1000 m to reduce stress concentration and prevent loss of bearing capacity of exposures in zones influenced by stoping operations. Research results demonstrate that the ultimate depth for the safe application of combined geotechnology is limited to horizons of 1000–1400 m, depending on the degree of jointing and disturbance of the rock mass. For rocks with a structural weakening coefficient of Кс = 0,3, the safe depth should not exceed 1000 m. Conversely, at Кс ≥ 0,4, reserve extraction is permissible down to 1400 m when utilizing differential primary stope widths and backfilling parameters. The proposed parameters ensure a balanced approach between geomechanical safety and technological efficiency in extraction. They minimize the risks of dynamic phenomena and enhance the productivity of underground mining operations when developing deep-seated, gently dipping ore bodies under complex geological and geotechnical conditions.
This research was carried out within the framework of the project “Justification of environmentally oriented geotechnologies for resource-saving extraction and deep processing of strategic mineral and technogenic raw materials in the regions of Siberia and the Arctic Zone”, state registration number 126021217133-3.
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