Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia)

G. F. Mukhametzyanova, Cand. Eng, Associate Prof., Dept. of Materials, Technologies, and Quality, gulnara-ineka@mail.ru
T. V. Shveyova, Cand. Eng, Associate Prof., Dept. of Materials, Technologies, and Quality, asttv@mail.ru
V. I. Astashchenko, Dr. Eng, Prof., Dept. of Materials, Technologies, and Quality, astvi-52@mail.ru
D. T. Safarov, Cand. Eng, Associate Prof., Dept. of Digital Mechanical Engineering Technologies, safarov-dt@mail.ru

PTC KAMAZ (Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia)
V. V. Makhonin, Head of Heat Treatment Bureau, vasilii.mahonin@yandex.ru

An analysis was conducted regarding the use of steels and cast irons for the manufacture of crankshafts for automotive internal combustion engines (ICE). Comprehensive studies are presented on the chemical composition, properties, and manufacturability of 42KhMFA steel in the production of crankshafts. It has been demonstrated that rolled 42KhMFA steel exhibits excellent mechanical properties and low non-metallic inclusion content; it is characterized by specified hardenability and possesses the necessary processability at all stages of manufacturing metal components. Solutions have been proposed to improve the machinability of forgings — specifically regarding deep-hole drilling with single-point cutting tools — by limiting the low level sulfur content to 0.015 %. The feasibility of enhancing the steel’s strength, fatigue life, and impact toughness through the use of aqueous polymer solutions during the quenching of the heat-treatable steel has been established. High-frequency induction surface hardening of crankshafts yields a hardened layer with high hardness and a martensitic microstructure. Strengthened 42KhMFA steel crankshafts demonstrate a safety factor of at least 3.7. To further enhance fatigue strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, as well as to maintain dimensional accuracy during surface strengthening, it is advisable to subject 42KhMFA steel crankshafts to nitriding. Following nitriding, the hardened layer depth in 42KhMFA steel components ranged from 0.3 to 0.4 mm, with a surface hardness of 670–740 HV. It is recommended to include 42KhMFA steel in the GOST R 53444–2009 standard as a material approved for the manufacture of crankshafts for internal combustion engines in automotive vehicles.

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