Журналы →  CIS Iron and Steel Review →  2025 →  №1 →  Назад

Ferroalloys
Название Distribution of manganese and silicon between metal and slag in the processes of high-temperature processing of natural ores into ferrous metals
DOI 10.17580/cisisr.2025.01.09
Автор A. A. Akberdin, U. Konurov, A. S. Kim, A. S. Orlov
Информация об авторе

Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev (Karaganda, Kazakhstan)

A. A. Akberdin, Dr. Eng., Prof., Head of the Bor laboratory
U. Konurov, Cand. Eng., Senior Researcher of the Bor laboratory
A. S. Kim, Dr. Eng., Chief Researcher of the Bor laboratory
A. S. Orlov, Dr. Eng., Senior Researcher of the Bor laboratory, e-mail: wolftailer@mail.ru

Реферат

Experimental studies have been carried out on the equilibrium distribution of manganese and silicon between pig iron, foundry cast iron, carbon ferromanganese and slags at the temperatures 1450, 1500, 1550 °С in a CO atmosphere. Using the found equilibrium concentrations of condensed phases, the distribution coefficients of manganese and silicon between the metal and the slag were calculated. It has been established that the distribution coefficient of manganese is significantly higher in experiments with ferromanganese than in experiments with cast iron, and the indicator for foundry cast iron is higher than that for pig iron. Relationships between the equilibrium distribution of the elements and the slag composition were established. To characterize the latter, optical basicity was used, which was determined through the electric negativity and electron density of the elements of the Periodic Table. The empirical equations that describe the dependence of distribution coefficients on the optical basicity of the slag were obtained by mathematical processing of experimental results. It turned out that this dependence is described by an equation with a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.93), and for manganese - with a low one (R = 0.65) for the case of silicon reduction. Analysis of the influencing factors revealed the need to take into account the influence of silicon in the latter case. The equation obtained in this case describes the dependence of the distribution coefficient with a correlation coefficient R = 0.98. This means that it is necessary to take into account the occurrence of the exchange reaction 2(MnO) + [Si] = SiO2 + 2[Mn], which is a combination of the other two reactions of manganese (MnO) + C = [Mn] + CO and silicon (SiO2) + 2C = [Si] + 2CO, during the carbothermal processing of ores containing manganese and silicon oxides, in addition to the two above-mentioned reactions. The practical result of the work is the possibility of assessing the distribution of manganese and silicon for slags of any composition due to the use of the optical basicity indicator, calculated from the electric negativity and electron density known for all elements.

This research was funded by the Industrial Development Committee of Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant № BR19777171).

Ключевые слова Metal, slag, pig iron, foundry cast iron, manganese, silicon, equilibrium distribution, carbothermal processing
Библиографический список

1. George W., Luther III, et al. Reduction of Manganese Oxides: Thermodynamic, Kinetic and Mechanistic Considerations for One Versus TwoElectron. Aquatic Geochemistry. 2018. Vol. 24. pp. 257–277.
2. Tangstad M., Bublik S., Haghdani S., et al. Slag Properties in the Primary Production Process of Mn – Ferroalloys. Metallurgical and materials transactions B. 2021. Vol. 52B. pp. 3688–3707.
3. Weizhong Ding, Olsen S. E. Manganese and Silicon Distribution between Slag and Metal in Silicomanganese Reduction. ISIJ International. 2000. Vol. 40. pp. 850–856.
4. Yessengaliyev D., Baisanov S., Issagulov A., Zayakin O. et al. Thermodynamic diagram analysis (TDA) of MnO–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 and phase compositions of slag in refined ferromanganese production. Metalurgija. 2019. Vol. 3 (58). pp. 291–294.
5. Gavrilov V. A., Gasik M. I. Silicothermy of manganese. Dnepropetrovsk: Sistemnye tekhnologii. 2011. p. 512.
6. Yakushevich N. F., Strakhov V. M., Volodin O. N., Slepenkov V. V., Gorbachenko I. V. Features of silicomanganese smelting technology and rise of its efficiency with semi-coke use. Chernaya metallurgiya. Byulleten nauchno-tekhnicheskoy i ekonomicheskoy informatsii. 2018. No. 11. pp. 58–68.
7. Mukhambetgaliyev Ye., Baysanov S., Baysanov A., Zhiembaeva D., Tolokonnikova V. Evaluation of physical and chemical properties of charge materials from the point of possibility of receiving the alloy of alumosilicomanganese. Proceedings of INFACON XIII –  13th International Ferroalloys Congress: Efficient Technologies in Ferroalloy Industry. 2020. pp. 317–323.
8. Baisanov S., Tolokonnikova V., Yerekeyeva G., Korsukova I., Abdirshit A. Thermodynamic-diagram analysis of the Fe–Si–Al–Mn system with the construction of diagrams of phase relations. Metalurgija. 2022. Vol. 61 (3–4). pp. 828–830.
9. Overview of the Global Manganese Industry with a special focus on China: Metal Bulletin Conference. International Manganese Institute: Singapore. 2016. 27 р.
10. Kamkina L. V., Yakovlev Yu. N. Composition of reducing metal during non-stationary state of the process of joint silicon and manganese reduction from oxide melts by carbon. Teoriya i praktika metallurgii. 1998. No. 2. pp. 22–25.
11. Kim V. A. Unit for equilibrium research of metallurgical reactions via volumetric method. Zavodskaya laboratoriya. 2008. Vol. 54. No. 1. pp. 39–40.
12. Duffy J. A., Ingram M. D. Optical basicity. IV. Influence of elektronegativity on the Lewis basicity and solvent properties of molten oxyacyion salts and glasses. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1975. Vol. 37. p. 1203.
13. Drain P. B., Monaghan B. J., Longbottom R. J., Chapman M. W., Zhang G., Chew S. J. Phosphorus Partition and Phosphate Capacity of Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Slags. ISIJ International. 2018. Vol. 58. pp. 1965–1971.

Полный текст статьи Distribution of manganese and silicon between metal and slag in the processes of high-temperature processing of natural ores into ferrous metals
Назад