Toraigyrov University (Pavlodar, Kazakhstan)

A. K. Zhunusov, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Head of the Dept. “Metallurgy”, e-mail: zhunusov_ab@mail.ru
P. O. Bykov, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Dept. “Metallurgy”, e-mail: bykov_petr@mail.ru
A. E. Kenzhebekova, Senior Lecturer, Dept. “Metallurgy”, e-mail: kenzhebekova_psu@mail.ru

Aktyubinsk Ferroalloy Plant (Aktobe, Kazakhstan)

E. E. Abdulabekov, Cand. Eng., Plant Director

Toraigyrov University (Pavlodar, Kazakhstan)¹ ; Pavlodar Machine-Building College (Pavlodar, Kazakhstan)²
A. K. Zhunusova, Doctoral Candidate, Dept. “Metallurgy”^{1, 2}, e-mail: zhunusova.aig@mail.ru

The method of thermal effect of reactions for Eact calculation for the processes of chromite ore and clay interaction in solid phase was used in this research for obtaining kinetic data. These processes take place during hardening roasting of chromite ore pellets in derivatograph Q-1500. The samples of chromite ore, clay from Sazdinskoe deposit (Aktyubinsk region, Kazakhstan) and pellets were taken for examination of phase transformations during hardening roasting. In the area of high temperatures, exothermic peaks with temperature maximum values 1340 and 1430 °С are clearly observed on the differential and thermal curve of chromite ore; these maximal values are caused by recrystallization of chromium spinellid grains. Introduction of clay changes the features of diffusion processes in chromite ore. Observed lowering of apparent activation energy for each peak is separately connected with decrease of diffusion retarding processes. When conducting an experiment in argon neutral atmosphere, distinct peaks characterizing diffusion processes and reconstruction of chromium spinellid lattice are not observed. In this case, the value of apparent activation energy decreases seriously in comparison with activation energy of diffusion processes for the mix of chromite ore and clay in oxidizing atmosphere. Respectively, hardening processes during heat treatment of pellets, which are accompanied by diffusion of clay oxides in chromium spinellid lattice, will pass with rather high speed and will reach high degree of completeness at the roasting temperature of pellets (1200–1300 °С).

1. Xianfeng Hu, Sundqvist Ökvist L., Eriksson J., Qixing Yang, Björkman B. Direct Alloying Steel with Chromium by Briquettes Made from Chromite Ore, Mill Scale, and Petroleum Coke. Steel research international. 2017. Vol. 88. No. 5. pp. 1–10. DOI: 10.1002/srin.201600247
2. Kleynhans E. L. J., Beukes J. P., Van Zyl P. G., Fick J. I. J. Techno-economic feasibility of a pre-oxidation process to enhance prereduction of chromite. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2017. Vol. 117. No. 5. pp. 457–468. DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/2017/v117n5a8
3. Beukes J. P., Du Preez S. P., Van Zyl P. G., Paktunc D., Fabritius T., Päätalo M., Cramer M. Review of Cr (VI) environmental practices in the chromite mining and smelting industry-relevance to development of the Ring of Fire, Canada. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017. Vol. 165. pp. 874–889. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.176
4. Du Preez S. P., Beukes J. P., Paktunc D., Van Zyl P. G., Jordaan A. Recycling pre-oxidized chromite fines in the oxidative sintered pellet production process. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2019. Vol. 119 (2). pp. 207–215. DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/2019/v119n2a13
5. Du Preez S. P., Beukes J. P., Van Zyl P. G., Tangstad M., Tiedt L. R. Silicon carbide formation enhanced by in-situ-formed silicon nitride: an approach to capture thermal energy of co-rich offgas combustion. Metall Mater Trans, B. 2018. Vol. 49 (6). pp. 51–63. DOI: 10.1007/s11663-018-1413-6
6. Zhunusov A. K., Bykov P. O., Kenzhebekova A. E., Zhunussova A. K., Nabawi R. A. Study of the isothermal kinetics of reduction of sinter from mill scale. Kompleksnoe ispolzovanie mineralnogo syrya. 2024. Vol. 328 (1). pp. 59–67.
7. Serikbayeva A. K., Zhumashev K., Janaliyeva N. Sh., Rakhimberdina M. Definition of apparent activation energy on DTG curves. Metalurgija. 2016. Vol. 55 (3). pp. 417–419.
8. Ferapontov Yu. A., Putin S. B., Ferapontov L. L., Putin P. Yu. Study of kinetics of topochemical processes in non-isothermal procedure via derivatographic method. Vestnik TGTU. 2009. Vol. 15 (4). pp. 207–212.
9. Kelamanov B., Sariev O., Akuov A., Sultamuratova Z., Orynbassar R. Study of nickel briquettes by thermographic method. Metalurgija. 2022. Vol. 61 (1). pp. 217–220.
10. Vorobkalo N. R., Makhambetov Y. N., Baisanov A. S., Zayakin O. V. Study of possibility of manufacture of the complex titanium-containing ferroalloy via single-stage carbothermal method. CIS Iron and Steel Review. 2022. Vol. 24. pp. 17–23.
11. Towards improved thermal stability of negative electrode materials: differential scanning calorimetry and high-temperature X-ray diffraction/X-ray absorption spectroscopy in situ studies of Li2ZnTi3O8 and related compounds. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2023. Vol. 15 (12). pp. 15605–15615. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01123
12. Sivasankara Rao Ede, Ananthakumar Ramadoss, Anantharaj S., Nithiyananthama U., Subrata Kundu. Influence of heat sintering on the physical properties of bulk La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 perovskite manganite: role of oxygen in tuning the magnetocaloric response. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2014. Vol. 16. pp. 21846–21859.
13. Piecha J., Dabioch M., Breuer U., Leonarska A. Structural and electrical features induced by the leaching procedures on the LiNbO3 crystalline powder samples. Phase Transitions. 2017. Vol. 90. No 1. pp. 34–43. DOI: 10.1080/01411594.2016.1206541
14. Nadeem S., Hussain S. T., Changhoon Lee. Flow of a Williamson fluid over a stretching sheet. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013. Vol. 30. No. 03. pp. 619–625. DOI: 10.1590/S0104-66322013000300019
15. Ashraf M., Ahmad U., Chamkha A. J. Computational analysis of natural convection flow driven along curved surface in the presence of exothermic catalytic chemical reaction. Comput. Therm. Sci. 2019. No. 11. pp. 339–351.
16. Maleque Kh. A. Effects of Exothermic/Endothermic Chemical Reactions with Arrhenius Activation Energy on MHD Free Convection and Mass Transfer Flow in Presence of Thermal Radiation. Journal of Thermodynamics. 2013. Article ID 692516, 11 p. DOI: 10.1155/2013/692516
17. Tolymbekova L. B., Kim A. S., Zhunusov A. K., Babenko A. A. Thermal Transformations in Manganese Ores in the Zapadnyi Kamys Deposit and Chare Materials Used to Produse in an Air Flow under Nonisotherval Conditions. Mеtallurgist. 2013. Vol. 56. pp. 919–924.
18. Akuov А., Samuratov Y., Kelamanov B., Zhumagaliyev Y., Taizhigitova M. Development of an alternative technology for the production of refined ferrochrome. Metalurgija. 2020. Vol. 59 (4). pp. 529–532.
19. Abdulabekov E. E., Grinenko V. I., Izbembetov D. D. Manufacture of chromite pellets for melting of high-carbon ferrochromium. Stal. 2023. Vol. 5. pp. 39–41.
20. Saveliev D. E., Makatov D. K., Portnov V. S., Gataullin R. A. Morphology and textural-structural features of chromite deposits in the main ore field of Kempirsaisky massif (South Ural, Kazakhstan). Georesursy. 2022. Vol. 24. No. 1. pp. 62–73. DOI: 10.18599/grs.2022.1.6
21. Saveliev D. E. Chromites of the Kraka ophiolite (South Urals, Russia): geological, mineralogical and structural features. Mineralium Deposita. 2021. vol. 56. pp. 1111–1132. DOI: 10.1007/s00126-021-01044-5
22. Grishin I. A., Knyazbaev Zh. A. Analysis of modern state of theory and practice of chromite ores beneficiation. A review. Kompleksnoe ispolzovanie mineralnogo syrya. 2017. No. 1. pp. 10–15.
23. Orlov A. S., Isagulov A. Z., Sariev O. R., Tolymbekov M. Zh. Production of Aluminum-Chromium-Silicon Alloy from Unconditioned Materials. Steel inTranslation. 2018. Vol. 48 (9). pp. 558–563.