Author:
Name & Surname: Kononov V. M.
Company: University of Mechanical Engineering (Moscow, Russia)
Work Position: Professor
Scientific Degree: Doctor of Engineering Sciences
Contacts: vmkononov@mail.ru

The article describes theoretical and exploratory research and its commercial trial (in Severomuysky tunnel) aimed at explosive charge control in blastholes with preset orientation cuts made in the blasthole walls, that allow concentrating blast energy along the cut orientation and, consequently, reduction in powder factor, “smooth” excavation perimeter after blasting with minimized overrun/underrun and damage of adjacent rock mass (fracturing). The bench testing involved fracturing of various strength concrete blocks by charges placed in blastholes with and without cuts of various orientation, depth and shape; the principle parameters and relations have been determined, including the relation between the blasting energy content reduction coefficient КE and the cut depth and angle for various strength blocks, as well as the powder factor reduction. The pilot blasts carried out at a commercial level, considering the parameters obtained in the tests, proved the efficiency of the new technology.

1. Viktorov S. D., Kutuzov B. N., Zakalinskiy V. M. Strategiya effektivnogo razvitiya vzryvnykh rabot v Rossii (Strategy of efficient development of blasting in Russia). Gornyi Zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2010. No. 4. pp. 56–59.
2. Ismailov T. T., Komashchenko V. I., Borovkov Yu. A. et al. Povyshenie effektivnosti napravlennogo raskola blokov nevzryvchatymi razrushayushchimi smesyami (Increasing of efficiency of directed split of blocks by non-explosive fracturing mixtures). Gornyi Zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2007. No. 1. pp. 51–53.
3. Ito I. Regulirovanie napravleniya razrusheniya pri vzryve zaryadov spetsialnoy formy (Regulation of fracture direction during special charge blast). Katalog perevodov (Catalogue of translations). Moscow : All-Union center of translations, 1973. Iss. 1-12. Translation No. 74/7138 В.
4. Nikiforovskiy V. S., Shemyakin E. I. Dinamicheskoe razrushenie tel (Dynamic fracture of bodies). Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1979. 271 p.
5. Ispytaniya novogo metoda provedeniya vzryvnykh rabot (Testings of new method of blasting operations). Novosti nauki i tekhniki = News of science and technology. 1980. No. 4. p. 28 (in Russian).
6. Van Sheng. Primenenie skvazhin s prodolnymi vyemkami pri otboyke porod (Usage of wells with chanellures in the time of ground breaking). Gornoe delo. Svodnyy tom 10B = Mining. Cumulated volume 10B. 1988. No. 10. p. 41.
7. Kimiesi Takesi. Novaya tekhnologiya prokhodki gornykh vyrabotok sposobom gladkogo vzryvaniya (New excavating technology using smooth-wall blasting). Gornoe delo. Svodnyy tom 10B = Mining. Cumulated volume 10B. 1991. No. 8. p. 72.
8. Khan A., Babin V. Yu., Korotaev A. E. et al. Primenenie napravlennogo vzryvaniya dlya provedeniya vyrabotok v sootvetstvii s proektnym konturom (Application of directed blasting for excavation in accordance with final boundary). Tekhnologiya i tekhnicheskie sredstva napravlennogo razrusheniya gornykh porod : sbornik statey (Technology and technical means of directed fracture of rocks : collection of articles). Alma-Ata : Institute of Mining of Kazakhstan SSR Academy of Sciences, 1990. pp. 25–30.
9. Veselovskiy G. S. Eksperimentalnye issledovaniya burovzryvnykh rabot pri sooruzhenii kamer bolshogo secheniya (Experimental researches of drilling and blasting operations in the time of construction of large-section chambers). Shakhtnoe stroitelstvo = Shaft construction. 1990. No. 12. pp. 17–18.
10. Klishin V. I., Buchatskiy V. M., Konovalov L. M. Podderzhanie i sokhranenie podgotovitelnykh vyrabotok ankernoy krepyu pri posadke krovli napravlennym gidrorazryvom (Support and saving of openings by roof bolting during roof caving by directional hydraulic fracturing). Ugol = Coal. 2007. No. 6. pp. 45–48.
11. Andreev K. K., Belyaev A. F. Teoriya vzryvchatykh veshchestv : uchebnik dlya vuzov (Theory of explosives : tutorial for universities). Moscow : Oborongiz, 1960. 595 p.
12. Mokhnachev M. P., Pristash V. V. Dinamicheskaya prochnost gornykh porod (Dynamic durability of rocks). Moscow : Nauka, 1982. 141 p.
13. SNiP-IV-2-82. Sbornik elementnykh norm na stroitelnye konstruktsii i raboty. Sbornik 29 «Tonneli i metropoliteny». Chast IV (Sanitary rules and regulations SNiP-IV-2-82. Collection of elemental standards for building units and operations. Collection 29 «Tunnels and undergrounds». Part IV). Moscow : Stroyizdat, 1982. 212 p. (in Russian)
14. Kononov V. M. Tekhnologiya konturnogo vzryvaniya na osnove shpurov s nadrezami pri stroitelstve tonneley (Technology of controlled blasting on the basis of blast-holes with cuts during tunnel construction). Shakhtnoe stroitelstvo = Shaft construction. 1989. No. 9. pp. 19–21.